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Images and Copyright

From APA 7th Ed. 

The license associated with the clip art or stock image determines how it should be credited.

  • Sometimes the license indicates no reference or attribution is needed, in which case writers can reproduce the image without any reference, citation, or attribution in an APA Style paper.
  • Other times, the license indicates that credit is required to reproduce the image, in which case writers should write an APA Style copyright attribution and reference list entry.

Follow the terms of the license associated with the image you want to reproduce. The guidelines apply regardless of whether the image costs money to purchase or is available for free. The guidelines also apply to both students and professionals and to both papers and PowerPoint presentations.

Citation Elements and Licensing Rights

Images must be cited like all other resources. You must provide a citation if you use an image you did not create. Images should be cited in all cases, even if the image is very small or in the public domain. The citation should be accessible in the context of the image's use (within a Powerpoint presentation, on a web page, in a paper, etc.).

Image citations should include the following information at a minimum:

  • Title
  • Creator name
  • Repository information (museum, library, or other owning institution)
  • Image source (database, website, book, postcard, vendor, etc.)
  • Date accessed

Licensing Rights information will help determine if attribution is needed or not. Below are the types of Creative Commons licenses for many images found on the Internet. 

1. Image with no attribution required

If the license associated with clip art or a stock image states "no attribution required," do not provide an APA Style reference, in-text citation, or copyright attribution.

In addition, the following resources provide free use of images:

Images from the library's databases.  

As a member of the Trevecca Community, you are entitled to use materials that are licensed by Waggoner Library, such as our databases. Many of these products contain images. If you need images for an assignment that will exist in a physical form or will exist in a virtual form inside Blackboard, you can freely use the copyrighted images in these databases. The subscription costs cover the licensing fees. However, if your project will exist on the free web, you may not use these images.

Images from other programs.

Images and clip art from programs such as Google Slides, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft PowerPoint can be used without attribution. By purchasing the program, you have purchased a license to use the clip art and images that come with the program without attribution.

2. Image with attribution required

If the license notes that attribution is required, writers should write an APA Style copyright attribution and reference list entry. Follow the license terms associated with the image you want to reproduce.

Types of Creative Commons Licenses

 

Public domain icon or CC0 1.0

CC0 1.0 means that works are not restricted by copyright and Public Domain.

CC by 2.0 icon

CC by 2.0 means that you can show and transform other owners' images as long as you cite them correctly and indicate what changes (if any) you made to the image.

CC by 4.0 icon

CC by 4.0 means that you can show and transform other owners' images as long as you cite them correctly and indicate what changes you made to the image; however, It is more restrictive than CC by 2.0.

Image Citation Examples by Style

Citation examples using APA 7

APA 7th Ed. (example from APA 7th Style Blog

An image on a References list (The reference list entry for the image consists of its author, year of publication, title, description in brackets, and source (usually the name of the website and the URL).

Example: Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Lava [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/

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Citing an image in a presentation

APA 7 notes, "In a presentation, the figure number and title are optional but the note containing the copyright attribution is required" - from the APA Style BlogClip art, or stock images references page.