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History

Chicago Style - Citing Primary Sources

Primary Sources

For information on using primary sources on the web, visit http://www.ala.org/rusa/sections/history/resources/primarysources

Evaluating Primary Sources Websites

Who is responsible for the website?

  • URL: .edu, .gov, .com, .net (or country suffix, i.e. .mx)
  • Author: credentials, contact, about
    • Educational sources: reliable
    • Government sources: reliable (but can be prone to bias)

What's the purpose?

What's the origin?

How is the website organized?

What's the format of the documents?

Is the website free or fee-based?

What Are Primary Sources?

Primary sources are original records created at the time historical events occurred or well after events in the form of memoirs and oral histories.

Primary sources may include letters, manuscripts, diaries, journals, newspapers, speeches, interviews, memoirs, documents produced by government agencies such as Congress or the Office of the President, photographs, audio recordings, moving pictures or video recordings, research data, and objects or artifacts such as works of art or ancient roads, buildings, tools, and weapons.

These sources serve as the raw material to interpret the past, and when they are used along with previous interpretations by historians, they provide the resources necessary for historical research.

Source: ALA.

Primary Sources - Library Databases

United States - Websites

Tennessee - Websites

International - Websites