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About MLA 8th Ed.

MLA 8th Edition (2016)

This information is for MLA 8th Ed. users. Keep in mind the most current MLA edition is the 9th Edition (2021). 

MLA 8th edition examples. Note: The hanging indent is not applied in these citations. 

Book with one or two authors - List the authors in order of appearance on the title page. Use a comma and an and to separate authors.

Ex. Gilbert, Richard M. Caffeine, the Most Popular Stimulant. Chelsea House, 1986.

Ex. Scharre, Paul, and Lauren Fish. Human Performance Enhancement. Center for a New American Security, 2018.

Books (or Articles) with three or more authors - When a source has three or more authors, only the first one shown in the source is normally given. It is followed by et al.

Ex. Smith, Barry D, et al. Caffeine and Activation Theory: Effects on Health and Behavior. CRC Press, 2007.

Article found in print, not online - Basic format elements for a journal article citation:

  • Name of the author  as it appears in the journal 
  • Title of the article in quotation marks 
  • Title of the journal (italicized)
  • Volume number, issue number (include issue number whenever available)
  • Date of publication (abbreviate all months except May, June, and July)
  • First and last page numbers
  • Capitalize first and last word, and all principal words in the article title (See MLA Handbook 8th. ed., section 1.2 on Title of Sources)
Ex. Murray, Yxta Maya. “When the Prophet Gazed upon the Face of the Lord.” Ploughshares, vol. 47, no. 3, 2021, pp. 125–47. 

Article from a database - The formatting for articles from online databases is the same as the print periodical formatting above. However, to aid in locating the article, the container (name of database) and the location (URL, doi, or permalink) should be added unless otherwise instructed by your professor.

Ex. Saunders, Manu E. “Bees Visiting Unopened Flowers: Bumbling Burglars or Sneaky Pollinators?” Ecology, vol. 98, no. 7, 2017, pp. 1968–69. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27068478. Accessed 22 Jul. 2022.

 

Works Cited

Works Cited is the title of the bibliography.

It is a list of 'Works Cited' within the document's text.

The title 'Works Cited' is centered on a new page.

 

This video shows how to format a Works Cited page in Microsoft Word properly. The example page uses the newest updated 2016 MLA 8th edition citation guidelines.

In-Text Citation

The list of Works Cited at the end of your paper tells your reader what resources you used to write your paper. To avoid plagiarism or taking credit for ideas that are not your own, you must also indicate in the text of your paper precisely what is borrowed from a source and where to locate that information in the source.

The in-text citation usually appears in parentheses and corresponds directly to an entry in your list of Works Cited.
The author's last name and the page number are usually enough to indicate the location in the source.
If the author's name is used in the introductory sentence, do not repeat it in the citation.

Examples:

[Narrative format] - Author’s name in the text

...Sellers had expressed that the market changed in the 17th century (91-92).
 

[Parenthical format] - The author’s name follows paraphrased content

…the view on economic growth is not widely embraced among historians (Sellers 91).

Online MLA 8th ed. Citation Guides

Trevecca Modified APA Style Guide - Skinner School of Business & Technology

 

The MBA program and faculty have generally agreed on using a modified APA “lite” in our programs.

This guide provides you with the needed information for writing papers and documenting sources while you are enrolled in the MBA program.

The APA Style Research Guide has more detailed APA information

APA & Industry Research Databases

Citing from Industry Research databases such as Hoover's Academic and First Research can be a bit tricky when applying APA formatting. Below are accurate examples of citations you can follow:

Citing from First Research database

Hoover’s Inc. (2018). Coffee Shops: Industries. Retrieved Dec. 30, 2018, from First Research database.

Citing from Hoover’s Academic database

Hoover's Inc. (2018). Ambulance Services. Hoover's: Industries. Retrieved Jan. 29, 2018, from Hoover’s Academic database.

Other Citation Tools on the Web

Online Academic Writing and Citation Guidelines
Free Writing Citation Managers or Citation Generators
Citation Proof Reading

What is a Citation?

Image showing the different parts of an MLA journal article citation

Free Web Citation Managers & Generators
 

Citation and Documentation Styles

Trevecca has three primary citation styles, APA, Chicago, and MLA, that students should apply when writing research papers.  Each of these styles is discipline-specific. View the Citation Style Research Guide for specific tutorials and resources by citation style.

AMA Style Manual

APA (American Psychological Association) Style  View the APA guide page here

  • Used in Business, some Communication courses, Education, Medical, Psychology, Sciences, and some Social Sciences programs

Chicago or Turabian Style: View the Chicago / Turabian style page here

  • Used in some History courses and the Religion program.

MLA (Modern Language Association) Style  View the MLA style page here

  • Used in some Communication courses, English & Literature, History courses, and social sciences programs.

If your major or program of study is not on the list above, check with your professor to see what citation style is preferred.

APA 7 Learning Resources

Start with a PLAYLIST.  A playlist means consecutive videos about the topic begin automatically from one URL.

Choose a single video to help illustrate a topic

Setting up a Word doc or Google doc to comply with APA 7 Student Paper format guidelines. 
Formatting the References Page or List
In-Text Citations

Documents - Handouts, Samples, PDF 

Web Links

This video explains how to format and coordinate your APA in-text citations with your APA reference citations.

Journal Article Review, APA 7th Ed.

MLA 9th Ed. Citation Examples

MLA 9th Edition

MLA 9th Ed. (2021)

This information is a quick introduction to the Modern Language Association 9th edition citation style. Consult the MLA Handbook or the online MLA Style Center for detailed standards and procedures. 

This information is a quick introduction to the Modern Language Association 9th edition citation style. Consult the MLA Handbook or the online MLA Style Center for detailed standards and procedures. 

Start with a PLAYLIST.  That means consecutive videos about the topic begin automatically from one URL.

Choose a single video to help understand a MLA element

MLA 9 Citation & Formatting Tools

Online MLA Citation Sites for Examples

Print Book

Works Cited List: Author Last Name, First Name.  Title. Publisher, Year.

In-text: (Author Last Name Page Number)

Example:

Works Cited Ex. Helmer, Jodi. Protecting Pollinators: How to Save the Creatures That Feed Our World. Island Press, 2019.

In-text Ex. (Helmer 133)

E-Book

Cite an e-book as you would a book, but afterward, include the container (the site that hosts the e-book) and the location (URL). 

Works Cited Ex. Lester, Phil. Healthy Bee, Sick Bee: The Influence of Parasites, Pathogens, Predators and Pesticides on Honey Bees, Victoria University Press, 2021. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/trevecca/detail.action?docID=6473801.

In-text Ex. (Lester 87)

Journal Article from Database 

In the Works Cited List:  Author Last Name, First Name. "Title." Journal/Magazine/Newspaper Title, Publication Information [volume, issue/number, year, pages]. Name of Database, DOI, Permalink, or shortened URL for an article in the database. 

In-text: (Author Last Name Page Number)

Works Cited 

Ex. Abrol, D. P., et al. “Foraging Rhythm of Bees in Relation to Flowering of Sweet Basil, Ocimum Basilicum L.” Current Science, vol. 113, no. 12, 2017, pp. 2359–62. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26493548. 

In-text: Ex. (Abrol 2360-2361)